12,284 research outputs found
Optical spectroscopy of GX 339-4 during the high-soft and low-hard states - I
We carried out spectroscopic observations of the candidate black hole binary GX 339â4 during its lowâhard and highâsoft X-ray states. We have found that the spectrum is dominated by emission lines of neutral elements with asymmetric, round-topped profiles in the lowâhard state. In the highâsoft state, however, the emission lines from both neutral and ionized elements have unambiguously resolved double-peaked profiles. The detection of double-peaked emission lines in the highâsoft state, with a larger peak separation for higher ionization lines, indicates the presence of an irradiatively heated accretion disc. The round-topped lines in the lowâhard state are probably caused by a dense matter outflow from an inflated non-Keplerian accretion disc. Our data do not show velocity modulations of the line centres caused by the orbital motion of the compact object, neither do the line basewidths show substantial variations in each observational epoch. There are no detectable absorption lines from the companion star. All these features are consistent with those of a system with a low-mass companion star and low orbital inclination
High-resolution optical and infrared spectroscopic observations of Cir X-1
We present new optical and infrared (IR) observations of Cir X-1 taken near apastron. Both sets of spectra show asymmetric emission lines. Archival optical observations show that an asymmetric Hα emission line has been in evidence for the past 20 years, although the shape of the line has changed significantly. We present an eccentric (eâŒ0.7â0.9) low-mass binary model, where the system consists of a neutron star orbiting around a (sub)giant companion star of 3â5 Mâ. We suggest that the broad components of the emission lines arise in a high-velocity, optically thick flow near the neutron star, while the narrow components of the optical and the IR lines arise near the companion star and a heated ejecta shell surrounding the binary respectively. In this model, the velocity of the narrow component reflects the space velocity of the binary; the implied radial velocity (+430 km sâ1 after correcting for Galactic rotation) is the highest velocity known for an X-ray binary
Circinus X-1: survivor of a highly asymmetric supernova
We have analyzed the kinematical parameters of Cir X-1 to constrain the nature of its companion star, the eccentricity of the binary and the pre-supernova parameter space. We argue that the companion is most likely to be a low-mass (< 2.0 M_sun) unevolved star and that the eccentricity of the orbit is 0.94 +/- 0.04. We have evaluated the dynamical effects of the supernova explosion and we find it must have been asymmetric. On average, we find that a kick of 740 km/s is needed to account for the recently measured radial velocity of +430 km/s (Johnston, Fender & Wu) for this extreme system. The corresponding minimum kick velocity is 500 km/s. This is the largest kick needed to explain the motion of any observed binary system. If Cir X-1 is associated with the supernova remnant G321.9-0.3 then we find a limiting minimum age of this remnant of 60000 yr. Furthermore, we predict that the companion star has lost 10% of its mass as a result of stripping and ablation from the impact of the supernova shell shortly after the explosion
Genomic insights into high exopolysaccharideproducing dairy starter bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275
Conference Theme: Linking animal science and animal agriculture: Meeting the global demands of 2050Graduate Student Competition: ADSA Dairy Foods OralStreptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275 (ST 1275) is a typical
dairy starter bacterium and produces the highest known amount
(1,000 mg/L) of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in milk within this
species. This organism produces both capsular and ropy EPS
and possesses textural modifying properties for yogurt and
cheese. In this study, de novo shotgun paired-end pyrosequencing
was applied to complete the whole genome of ST 1275.
The genome size of ST 1275, a plasmid-free bacterium, was
1.85 Mbp with an average GC content of 39.1%. A novel eps
gene cluster for EPS assembly containing two-pair genes of epsC-
epsD for determining the chain length of EPS was found in
ST 1275 genome, which confirms that ST 1275 produces two
types of EPSs as found in our previous studies. Compared with other sequenced S. thermophilus strains, ST 1275 possessed the
lowest numbers of 5 rRNA operons and 55 tRNAs suggesting
that this organism may have a more effective protein synthesis
machinery. The highest number of four separate CRISPR
(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas
(CRISPR-associated) loci was found in ST 1275 genome indicating
that this organism may have a better adaptive immunity
against various bacteriophage infections. Further analysis
including carbohydrate utilization, effective proteolytic system,
sophisticated stress response systems and defense systems in
ST 1275 was performed to provide genomic insights into its adaptation
to milk and as a cell factory for EPS production during
milk fermentation. The elucidation of ST 1275 genome makes
this organism as a model dairy starter bacterium for the research
of high EPS yield and capsular/ropy EPS producer from the
species of S. thermophilus.published_or_final_versio
Genomic insights into high exopolysaccharide-producing dairy starter bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275.
published_or_final_versio
Common distribution of gad operon in Lactobacillus brevis and its GadA contributes to efficient GABA synthesis toward cytosolic near-neutral pH
published_or_final_versio
Item response theory analysis of the recoded Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF)
Based on the nine criteria for Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in DSM-5, the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9-Short Form (IGDS9-SF; Pontes and Griffiths 2015) is the most widely used questionnaire for assessing IGD. The present study examined support for the unidimensional factor structure of the instrument, with a group of 868 adolescent and adult gamers from the USA, with criteria recoded as present or absent. The two-parameter logistic model (2PLM) was used to examine the item response theory properties of the criteria included in the measure. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor model. The 2PLM analysis indicated that all the criteria were strong discriminators of high and low latent IGD. Furthermore, the items measured more of the GAD dimension and with more precision from around +2 SD from the mean trait level. The implications of the findings for interpreting the IGDS9-SF scores for clinical practice are discussed
Multiple G-It\^{o} integral in the G-expectation space
In this paper, motivated by mathematic finance we introduce the multiple
G-It\^{o} integral in the G-expectation space, then investigate how to
calculate. We get the the relationship between Hermite polynomials and multiple
G-It\^{o} integrals which is a natural extension of the classical result
obtained by It\^{o} in 1951.Comment: 9 page
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Microwave absorption and radiation from large-area multilayer CVD graphene
Here we experimentally study the microwave absorption and near-field radiation behaviour of
monolayer and few-layer, large-area CVD graphene in the C and X bands. Artificial stacking of CVD graphene reduces the sheet resistance, as verified by non-contact microwave cavity
measurements and four-probe DC resistivity. The proposed multilayer stacked graphene exhibits increased absorption determined by the total sheet resistance. The underlying mechanism could enable us to apply nanoscale graphene sheets as optically transparent radar absorbers. Near-field radiation measurements show that our present few-layer graphene patches with sheet resistance more than 600 /sq exhibit no distinctive microwave resonance and radiate less electromagnetic power with increasing layers; however, our theoretical prediction suggests that for samples to be significant as microwave antennas, doped multilayer graphene with sheet resistance less than 10 /sq is required.This work was funded by the Graphene Research Centre, University of Cambridge, and the
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK under a Program Grant
(EP/K01711X/1). M.T.C thanks the Winston Churchill Trust and the International Young
Scientist Research Fellowship, National Natural Science Foundation of China, for generous
financial support. B.W. acknowledges the fund support from the China Scholarship Council and National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 61271017.This is the FINAL published version, also available on the publisher's website at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000862231400540
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